This is a closed-book examination. You have three hours to complete this examination. Each question will be worth 50% of your total points. Please write legibly and answer both questions. Be sure to write your exam number on your blue books and on the exam question. Please turn in all questions, scratch paper and blue books after the conclusion of the exam. Good luck.

1. Same-sex marriage is currently forbidden by every state in the U.S.A. Create an equal protection argument in favor of same-sex marriage.

2. Write your own dissenting opinion for Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989) or Washington v. Davis (1976) or Missouri v. Jenkins (1995).