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APA Reference List Examples
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Guidelines for writing author's names in an APA Reference List
One Author
Use the author's last name, followed by a comma; write the author's initial(s). After the author's name, write the date in parentheses.
Marzluft, J.E. (2006).
Multiple Authors
List up to six names in the entry by the last name. Use an ampersand (&) to connect the last entry. If there are more than six authors, list the first six and use "et.al." to designate more authors.
Smith, C.F., Johnson, S.W., & Santos, T.S. (2005).
Wells, H.G., Heinlen, R.S., Clarke, A.C., Anderson, P.D., Turtledove, H.T., Asimov, I.A., et. al. (2005).
Organization as author
Sometimes the author is an organization. Simply use the organization as the author.
American Marketing Association. (2006).
Editor as Author
If the book has an editor, use the editor's name followed by (Ed.) or (Eds.)
Chandler, R.J. (Ed.). (2005).
James, P.D. & Wodehouse, P.J. (Eds.). (1995).
Unknown author
If there is no author listed, simply start with the title of the work. Remember that only book titles are italicized. Articles are neither italicized nor put in quotes.
Libraries as gateways to a happy and fulfilling life. (2006).
Is Librarianship the career change you need? (2005, October 26).
Two or more works by the same author
When there are two items by the same author, use the authors name for every entry (no Ibid.) and arrange the entries by year - earliest first.
Smith, G.H. (1988).
Smith, G.H. (2003).
Smith, G.H. (2006).
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Single Book
Form:
Author. (Publication Date). Title of book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example:
Cohen, W.A. (2006). The marketing plan. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons.
Edited Book
Form:
Editor (Ed.) (Publication Date). Title of work. Place of Publication
Example:
Woodside, A.G. (Ed.). (2005). Managing product innovation. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier JAI.
Magazine Article
- Magazine articles differ from journal articles in that they are usually written by non professionals, intended for general audiences, and published in a weekly or monthly format.
Form:
Author (Date of the magazine, including month and day if given). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume Number (if available), page numbers.
Example:
Samuelson, R.J. (2006, February 20). Anxiety amid prosperity. Newsweek,37.
Journal Article
- Articles from journals are usually written by experts in the field, include bibliographies, and intended for specialized audiences.
- Most professional journals continue page numbers throughout the issues in a year. If this is the case, you do not need to include the issue number. If each issue of the journal begins with "page 1," you should include the issue number.
Form:
Author. (Publication Date). Title of article. Title of Journal or Magazine, Volume, page numbers.
Example:
Stevens, B. (2004). The ethics of the U.S. business executive: a study of perceptions. Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 163-171.
Encyclopedia Entry
- Many encyclopedia articles do not have authors. If that is the case, your entry should begin with the article title or heading.
- Many encyclopedias have editors featured on the title page. If the editor name is not in a prominent position, do not use.
Form:
Author. (date). Title of chapter or heading. In author or editor, Title of work (Vol. Number, Page numbers). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example #1:
Weston, S. (2004). Ethics. In S.B. Hussain (Ed.), Encyclopedia of capitalism (Vol.1, pp. 264-268). New York: Facts on File.
Example #2
Human resources management. (1998). In Encyclopedia of small business (Vol.1, pp. 488-493). Detroit, MI: Gale Research.
Chapter/Section of a book
Form:
Author. (Date). Title of chapter. In editor name, Title of work(page numbers). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example:
Bonacich, E. & Hardie, K. (2006). Wal-Mart and the logistics revolution. In N. Lichtenstein (Ed.), Wal-Mart: The face of twenty-first century capitalism (pp. 163-187). New York: New Press.
Newspaper Article
Form:
Author. (Date). Title of article. Newspaper Title, page numbers.
Example:
Kirby, C. (2006, February 24). Tech jobs still plentiful in U.S. San Francisco Chronicle, p. D1, D6.
Government Publications
- Typically, no authors are listed in Government Publications. Use the agency producing the document as the author.
- Documents available from the Government Printing Office (GPO) should list GPO as the publisher. Otherwise use the specific agency publishing the document.
- If there is a publication number, list it after the title in parentheses.
Form:
Agency. (Date). Title of document. Place of Publication, Publisher.
Example #1:
U.S. Census Bureau. (2005). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2006. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Example #2:
Department of Labor (2003). Employment law guide (OASP-01). Washington, DC: Department of Labor.
Dissertation
There are many different methods for citing dissertations depending on where/how the dissertation was found and whether or not the dissertation is published. For further guidance, please see a librarian or consult §54 - §57 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Fifth Edition).
Pamphlet or other source, such as from a trade association
- Treat a pamphlet or brochure like a book, except put the type of document in brackets after the title.
- Typically, the author is also the publisher.
Form:
Author. (Date). Title of pamphlet/brochure[type of document]. Place of Publication, Publisher.
Example:
Internal Revenue Service. (2005). Home-Based Business Tax Avoidance Schemes [Brochure]. Washington, DC: Internal Revenue Service.
Annual or 10K report or other filing
Form:
Name of Company. (Date of Report). Form or filing title.
Example #1:
Nike. (2005, July 29). Annual Report.
Example #2:
Nike. (2003, October 10). Form 10-Q.
Graph, chart, figure
- When using graphs, charts or figures from another's work, cite normally using the title of the figure as the title of your work.
- If the graph, chart, or figure has a different author than the item in which it appears, be sure to include both authors in your citation. See Example.
- Add the type of figure in brackets after the title.
Form:
Author . (Date). Title of graph, chart, or figure. In author or editor of work Title of work. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example:
Smith, G.K. (2004). System Development Life Cycle [Figure]. In T.R. Peltier, Information Security Policies and Procedures. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach.
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Electronic Resources
- These examples are not formatted correctly. Web technology cannot show the hanging indent or the fact that all entries should be double spaced.
- Follow the Basic Rules outlined above.
- When citing electronic resources, you must include the date you "retrieved" the item online.
Article from a Database
- When citing an article from a database, follow the same form for a paper article; after the basic information, write the word "Retrieved," the date of retrieval, and the title of the database.
- The second example is from a journal where each issue starts with page 1. See above.
Form:
Author. (Date). Title of article. Journal title, Volume, page numbers. Retrieved date of retrieval from name of database.
Example #1 (Article from Proquest):
Caufield, J. (2005). Where did Google get its value?. Portal: Libraries and the Academy, 5, 555-573. Retrieved January 28, 2005 from Proquest Database.
Example #2 (Article from Business Source Premier)
Abram, S. (2005). Competing with Google in a special library. Information Outlook, 9(11), 46-47. Retrieved February 28, 2005 from Business Source Premier Database.
E-Book
- an e-book follows the same pattern as a non-electronic book, except you must add the phrase after the title as well as the retrieval date and database.
Form:
Author. (Date). Title of Book [electronic version]. Place of publication: Publisher. Retrieved date of retrieval from name of database.
Example:
Blackwell, E. (2004). How to write a business plan [electronic version]. London: Kogan Page. Retrieved January 28, 2005 from Ebrary database.
Website
- When your citation ends in a url, do not include a period at the end of the citation.
Form:
Author. (date). Title of website. Retrieved date of retrieval, from website url
Example:
American Marketing Association. (2006). Marketing Power. Retrieved January 26, 2006 from http://www.marketingpower.com
Web page/ Article from a website
- This is similar to an article/chapter in a book, except that you write the title of the Web page as the article title and include the word "In" with the full site name.
- The url should be the url that will take someone directly to the article, not the home page of the website.
- When your citation ends in a url, do not include a period at the end of the citation.
Form:
Author. (date). Title of Web page or article. In Name of website. Retrieved date of retrieval, from website url
Example:
Copeland, M. (2006, January 30). The Starbucks of cell phones. In CNN Money. Retrieved February 6, 2006, from http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/30/technology/launchpad0130/index.htm
Electronic Mailing List (LISTSERV, NewsGroup, etc...)
- If there is no archive, do not cite in the Reference List. Instead, treat as a personal communication and cite in the text.
- When your citation ends in a url, do not include a period at the end of the citation.
Form:
Author or user name. (date of posting). Subject line or Thread title. Message posted to title of list or newsgroup, archived at url of archive
Example:
Marks, S. (2005, October 24). Best business websites for statistics. Message posted to Bus-Lib electronic mailing list, archived at http://listserv.boisestate.edu/archives/buslib-l.html
Annual Report retrieved online
- Follow the same guidelines for the Paper version of an Annual Report or filing, except add the electronic information at the end of the citation.
- When your citation ends in a url, do not include a period at the end of the citation.
Form:
Name of company. (date of report). Form or filing title. Retrieved date of retrieval from title of database or Web address.
Example #1 (from the company website):
Microsoft. (2005, September 25). Form 10-Q. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from http://www.microsoft.com/msft/sec.mspx
Example #2 (from a database):
Microsoft. (2005, September 25). Form 10-Q. Retrieved February 25, 2006 from CoreReference database.
Report or Profile from a Database
Form:
Mintel. (date of report). Title of report. Retrieved date of retrieval from Mintel Market Research Reports database.
Example #1:
Mintel. (2003). Automobile maintenance and repair - US - August 2003. Retrieved January 5, 2006 from Mintel Market Research Reports database.
Example #2:
Datamonitor. (2008, August 22). Google Inc. Retrieved October 28, 2008 from Business Source Complete database.
Example #3:
Bokhari, Z. (2008, October 16). Computers: Software. Retrieved October 28, 2008 from Standard & Poor's NetAdvantage database.
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Media Resources
Webinar
Form:
Author/originator. (Date). Title of webinar . Retrieved date of retrieval from url where webinar originates.
Example
Goff, C. C. (January 3, 2005). Effective library presentations [Webinar 12]. Retrieved May 3, 2006, from http://www.ggu.edu/university_library.
Movie, Video, Television Program
- If the item is a motion picture, use that as the medium no matter if it is viewed on screen, VHS or DVD.
- If the item is a training video or other type of video, use videocassette as the medium.
- If the item is a television broadcast, use that phrase as the medium. If it is one item/segment from a television series, use the phrase "television series episode" as the medium and follow with information on the entire series.
Form:
Producer & director (function). (Date). Title of work . Country of Origin: Movie Studio.
Example #1 (Motion picture)
Judge, M. (writer and director) & Rothenburg, M. (producer). (1999). Office Space [motion picture]. USA: 20th Century Fox.
Example #2 (Video)
Carter, J. (Writer) and Dunlap, S. (Director). (2004). Achieving success using GGU's library [videocassette]. (GGU University Library Productions, 536 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105).
Example #3 (Television Broadcast)
Fischer, B. (Executive Producer). (2006, February 5). Meet the Press [Television broadcast]. Washington, DC: NBC News.
Example #4 (Segment on a television series)
Young, R. (Writer, Producer, & Director) & Smith, H. (Writer). (2004). Is Wal-Mart good for America? [television series episode]. In M. Sullivan (executive producer), Frontline. Boston, MA: WGBH.
Interview (personal or phone)
- Interviews are not included in the reference List. Cite all personal communications directly in the text of your paper/project. Give the surname of the communicator and the exact date.
Example:
According to Jeffrey Marzluft (Personal interview, December 24, 2005), librarians are secretly plotting to take over the world.
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Prospective Students
