SIR EDWARD ELGAR (June 2, 1857 - February 23, 1934) in Worcester, England; English composer known for orchestral works including the Enigma Variations, the Pomp and Circumstance Marches, concertos for violin and cello, and two symphonies. He also composed oratorios, including The Dream of Gerontius, chamber music and songs. He was appointed Master of the King's Musick in 1924.
Elgar was one of the first composers who recorded their works for the gramophone.
ALEKSANDR PUSHKIN (June 6, 1799 - February 10, 1837) Moscow, Russia; Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin pioneered the use of vernacular speech in his poems and plays, creating a style of storytelling-mixing drama, romance, and satire-associated with Russian literature ever since and greatly influencing later Russian writers.Pushkin gradually became committed to social reform and emerged as a spokesman for literary radicals. In the early 1820s he clashed with the government, which sent him into exile in southern Russia. While under the strict surveillance of government censors and unable to travel or publish at will, he wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov, but could not publish it until years later. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was published serially from 1825 to 1832.
ROBERT SCHUMANN (June 8, 1810 - July 29, 1856) in Zwickau, Saxony; German composer, aesthete and influential music critic; one of the most famous and important Romantic composers of the 19th century; virtuoso pianist who turned to composition after a hand injury. Schumann's published compositions were written exclusively for the piano until 1840; he later composed works for piano and orchestra, many lieder, four symphonies, an opera, and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works. His writings about music appeared mostly in the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik ("The New Journal for Music"), a Leipzig-based publication that he jointly founded. For the last two years of his life, after an attempted suicide, Schumann was confined to a mental institution at his own request.
RICHARD STRAUSS (June 11, 1864 - September 8, 1949) in Munich, Germany; leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, particularly of operas, Lieder and tone poems. Together with Gustav Mahler he represents the extraordinary late flowering of German Romanticism, after Wagner, in which pioneering subtleties of orchestration are combined with an advanced harmonic style. Strauss's music had a profound influence on the development of music in the twentieth century. Like Mahler, Strauss was also a prominent conductor.
ANNE FRANK June 12, 1929 - early March 1945) in Frankfurt am Main in Weimar, Germany but lived most of her life in Amsterdam); one of the most renowned and most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Acknowledged for the quality of her writing, her diary has become one of the world's most widely read books, and has been the basis for several plays and films. She gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her diary which documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II.Otto Frank, Anne's father, the only survivor of the family, returned to Amsterdam after the war to find that Anne's diary had been saved, and his efforts led to its publication in 1947. It was translated from its original Dutch and first published in English in 1952 as The Diary of a Young Girl. It has since been translated into many languages. The diary, which was given to Anne on her 13th birthday, chronicles her life from 12 June 1942 until 1 August 1944.
back to top | IGOR STRAVINSKY (June 17, 1882 - April 6, 1971) in Oranienbaum (renamed Lomonosov in 1948), Russia, brought up in Saint Petersburg; Russian composer, pianist, and conductor, widely acknowledged as one of the most important and influential composers of 20th century music; named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people and of the century. In addition to the recognition he received for his compositions, he also achieved fame as a pianist and a conductor, often at the premieres of his own works. Stravinsky's compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity.
JOHANNES GUTENBERG (circa 1398 - February 3, 1468); German goldsmith and printer who introduced modern book printing. His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.
GEORGE ORWELL (born Eric Arthur Blair) (June 25, 1903 - January 21, 1950), better known by his pen name , was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture, as well as fiction and polemical journalism, Orwell wrote literary criticism and poetry. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the satirical novella Animal Farm (1945).
ROBERT CHARLES VENTURI, JR. (June 25, 1925 - ) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American architect and founding principal of the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates. After graduating summa cum laude from Princeton University he briefly worked under Eero Saarinen in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and later for Louis Kahn in Philadelphia, both Pritzker Prize architects. Venturi himself was awarded the Pritzker Prize in Architecture in 1991.Venturi and his wife and partner, Denise Scott Brown, are regarded among the most influential architects of the twentieth century, both through their architecture and planning, and theoretical writings and teaching. He is also known for coining the maxim "Less is a bore" as antidote to Mies van der Rohe's famous modernist dictum "Less is more".
ANTONI GAUDÍ (June 25, 1852 - June 10, 1926) in Tarragona, Catalonia; Spanish architect and designer; famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs; most internationally prestigious figure in Spanish architecture."In close collaboration with some of the very fine artisans of his time, Gaudí incorporated all those elements making up architectural space - wrought iron, furniture, stained glass, sculptural work, mosaics, ceramics and so on - within an organic concept of decoration and with the integration of these elements into the construction process. The sea landscape was one of his most preferred inspirations."In his own time, Gaudí was both admired and criticized for the audacity and singularity of his innovative solutions. His fame on a world scale has become an unquestioned fact both in specialized circles and among the general public." (from an interview with designer Pedro Uhart)
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